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Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher who lived from 1632 to 1677.
* He was born in Amsterdam to a Portuguese Jewish family.
* He was excommunicated from the Jewish community in 1656 for his unorthodox views.
* He lived a quiet life as a lens grinder and philosopher.
* His most famous work is the *Ethics*, which is a systematic exposition of his philosophy.
* Spinoza's philosophy is a form of rationalism, which holds that all knowledge comes from reason.
* He argued that God and nature are one and the same.
* He also argued that freedom is the power to act according to one's own reason.
* Spinoza's philosophy has had a profound influence on Western thought.